- Pre-marital Sex Punishable
- Tourists also Under Law
Article Today, Indonesia:
Indonesia has begun enforcing a revised criminal code that criminalises cohabitation and pre-marital sexual relations. The law treats unmarried couples living together as offenders, even if the arrangement is consensual. Authorities say the provisions came into force after formal notification, marking a major shift in how private life is regulated in the country.
Cohabitation Penalised
Under the new code, couples who live together without marriage can face imprisonment of up to six months. The law applies regardless of mutual consent between adults. Officials argue that the measure is meant to protect social values and family systems. However, civil society groups warn that it places personal choices under state surveillance.
Pre-marital Relations Targeted
In addition, the revised law provides for harsher punishment for sexual relations outside marriage. Article 411 allows for imprisonment of up to one year or a financial penalty for such acts. However, cases can be registered only if a complaint is filed by a spouse, parent, or close family member. Despite this safeguard, critics say the provision weakens privacy and personal autonomy.
Sharia Influence Expands
Meanwhile, the law reflects a wider expansion of conservative norms. Some regions, such as Aceh, already enforce strict Sharia-based regulations. With the new criminal code, similar principles now extend across the country. The government maintains that the changes balance tradition with modern governance, but legal experts say enforcement could vary widely.
Tourists not Exempt
Importantly, the rules also apply to foreign visitors. The government has clarified that tourists staying in the country are subject to the same legal standards as citizens. This has caused concern in popular destinations such as Bali, where tourism is central to the local economy. Hotel associations fear increased scrutiny of guests may discourage international travel.
Dissent Under Scrutiny
The revised criminal code also introduces provisions that restrict political expression. Insulting the President or state institutions can attract legal action. Similarly, speech deemed hostile to national ideology may be penalised. Human rights organisations argue that these clauses threaten free expression and democratic debate.
Public Unease Grows
As enforcement begins, anxiety is growing among young people and unmarried couples. Many fear misuse of the law through social pressure or selective complaints. Meanwhile, economists warn that uncertainty around enforcement could affect tourism and foreign investment. Rights groups continue to urge the government to review the law and ensure that personal freedoms are not unduly curtailed.
